How to avoid full page load | Webdriver

Clicking an Element on page load is even possible on webdriver; By default, webdriver wait for the entire page to load and then picks the element. The links and texts are visible but they are not clickable; However, it works well on Selenium IDE picking elements on page load.

Webdriver make use of the FirefoxProfile to avoid such risks; It's applicable only for Firefox browser.

FirefoxProfile fp = new FirefoxProfile();
fp.setPreference("webdriver.load.strategy", "unstable");
driver = new FirefoxDriver(fp);
baseUrl = "http://xyz.com";
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.navigate().to("http://xyz.com");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(Value)).click();
System.out.println("Button got clicked");

JavaScript Selenium script Validation - WPM [BrowserMob]

Configure Neustar Script Recorder

1| Log into WPM
2| Scripting > Scripting Overview
3| Install the Neustar Script Recorder "(xpi)
4| Launch Selenium IDE
5| Click menu Neustar > Options... [Obtain API Key and API Secret using WPM profile]
6| Go to 'My Account'.
7| Click Users > Manage 
8| Get API details and fill up Neustar connection options
9| Upload the scripts to WPM from Selenium IDE | 'Upload to Neustar' icon next to 'Click to Record'
10| Scripting > Scripting Overview
11| Click on Untitled and copy the js script generated.
12| Create a new text file & paste the script
13| Save as .js format. e.g., html.js


JavaScript validator

1| Download local-validator
2| Unzip on location C:\local-validator\local-validator-4.11.57
3| Go to C:\Users\username
4| Create a file config.properties.txt
5| Paste the following and save it
FF=C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe
6| Open cmd prompt
7| Move to validator bin folder
C:\local-validator\local-validator-4.11.57\bin>validator.bat D:\html.js -browser FF
8| Click enter to execute the Javascript file.

Simple Java Tips | Selenium Uses

1| Handling Exception | Assertion

Multiple Catch Blocks
Multiple catch avoid quit tests from various Exception

try
{
   assertEquals(actual, expected);
}catch(Exception e)
{
   System.out.println("...");
}catch(NullPointerException e)
{
   System.out.println("...");
}catch(IOException e)
{
   System.out.println("...");
}catch(ComparisonFailure e)
{
   System.out.println("...");
}

Finally Keyword
The finally keyword always executes

try
{
   assertEquals(actual, expected);
}catch(Exception e)
{
   System.out.println("...");
}finally
{
   System.out.println("...");
}


2| Java Arrays

Store values as a list of arrays for assertion.

#1
List<WebElement> savedItem = driver.findElement(By.id(Value)).findElements(By.tagName("li"));
ArrayList<String> storelist = new ArrayList<String>();
for(int i=0; i<savedItem.size(); i++) 
{
String d = savedItem.get(i).findElement(By.id(Value)).getText();
storelist.add(d);
System.out.println(storelist.get(i));
}

#2
String content[]={"string1","string2","string3","string4","string5"};
for(int i=0; i<content.length; i++){
if(isElementPresent(By.cssSelector("ul#"+content[i]+" > li")))
{
// Perform your code
}


3| Date Format

Date Format can be asserted using Java DateFormat.

String element = driver.findElement(By.xpath(Value)).getText();    
String Result = element.substring(6);
System.out.println(Result);   
    
DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd, yyyy");  // Date Format can be modified link
Date dif = format.parse(Result);
System.out.println(dif);

_
Sep 4, 2013
Wed Sep 04 00:00:00 IST 2013


4| Random Select

Elements can be selected randomly using Random().

List<WebElement> element = driver.findElement(By.id(Value)).findElements(By.tagName("li"));
    
Random r=new Random();
int index = r.nextInt((element.size()-1)-0+1)+0;  // int index = r.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;    
String id = element.get(index).getAttribute(Value);
System.out.println(id);


5| Sort Arraylist

Elements can be sorted either in ascending order or descending order.

List<WebElement> savedItem = driver.findElement(By.id(Value)).findElements(By.tagName("li"));
ArrayList<String> storelist = new ArrayList<String>();
for(int i=0; i<savedItem.size(); i++) 
{
String d = savedItem.get(i).findElement(By.tagName("a")).getText();
storelist.add(d);
System.out.println(storelist.get(i));
}

Collections.sort(storelist); // Ascending order
System.out.println(storelist);
Collections.reverse(storelist); // Descending order

Java String | Selenium Uses

Java String methods examples based on the string,
String a = "This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.";

1|  substring()
Truncates text till string length 24
String Result = a.substring(24);
_
ing the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.

Truncates text after string length 24
String Result = a.substring(0, 24);
_
This is some copy welcom


2|  toUpperCase()
Converts string to Uppercase
String Result = a.toUpperCase();
_
THIS IS SOME COPY WELCOMING THE USER TO THIS SECTION AND EXPLAINING WHAT THEY CAN EXPECT TO FIND HERE.


3|  toLowerCase()
Converts string to Lowercase
String Result = a.toLowerCase();
_
this is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.


4|  concat()
Combines two different strings
String Result = a.concat("Adding this text");
_
This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.Adding this text


5|  replace()
Replace a string with another
String Result = a.replace("some", "few");
_
This is few copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.


6|  replaceFirst()
Replaces the first word from the string
String Result = a.replaceFirst("to", "ot");
_
This is some copy welcoming the user ot this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.


7|  length()
Finds the length of the string
int Result = a.length();
System.out.println(Result);
_
102


8|  charAt()
Finds the letter/char at length location 0
char Result = a.charAt(0);
System.out.println(Result);
_
T


9|  contains()
Checks the specific text in the string
boolean Result = a.contains("some");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


10|  contentEquals()
verifies that the content matches the string in boolean
boolean Result = a.contentEquals("This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


11|  endsWith()
verifies that the end of the sentence matches the string in boolean
boolean Result = a.endsWith("expect to find here.");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


12|  startsWith()
verifies that the start of the sentence matches the string in boolean
boolean Result = a.startsWith("This is some");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


13|  equals()
verifies that the text matches the string in boolean
boolean Result = a.equals("This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


14|  equalsIgnoreCase()
verifies the string by ignoring case-sensitive characters in boolean
boolean Result = a.equalsIgnoreCase("THIS IS SOME COPY WELCOMING THE USER TO THIS SECTION AND EXPLAINING WHAT THEY CAN EXPECT TO FIND HERE.");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


15|  isEmpty()
verifies the string is empty in boolean
boolean Result = a.isEmpty();
System.out.println(Result);
_
false


17|  matches()
verifies that the text matches string in boolean
boolean Result = a.matches("This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.");
System.out.println(Result);
_
true


18|  getBytes()
Encode String
byte[] Result = a.getBytes();
System.out.println(Result);
Decode String
String s = new String(Result);
System.out.println("Text Decrypted : " + s);
_
[B@10deb5f
Text Decrypted : This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.


19|  indexOf()
Finds the index using Character of the string
System.out.print("Found Index : " );
System.out.println(a.indexOf( 'T' ));
System.out.println(a.indexOf( 'h' ));
System.out.println(a.indexOf( 'i' ));
System.out.println(a.indexOf( 's' ));
_
Found Index : 0
1
2
3


20|  compareTo()
Returns 0 for True and 1 for False after string comparison
int Result = a.compareTo("dfg");
System.out.println(Result);
int Result1 = a.compareTo("This is some copy welcoming the user to this section and explaining what they can expect to find here.");
System.out.println(Result1);
_
1 // False
0 // True


21|  compareToIgnoreCase()
Returns 0 for True and 1 for False after string comparison that ignores case-sensitive
String b = "THIS IS SOME COPY WELCOMING THE USER TO THIS SECTION AND EXPLAINING WHAT THEY CAN EXPECT TO FIND HERE.";
int Result = a.compareToIgnoreCase(b);
System.out.println(Result);
_
0 // True

Truncate special characters using Java Patterns | Selenium

Truncating string that holds special characters, !@#$%^&*(){}[]? made easy using Java patterns on Selenium.
For Example, take a string (4000).  Here,
Actual Result: string (4000) | Expected Result: integer 4000

1| remove parentheses
2| convert string to integer

List<WebElement> count = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("Value")).findElements(By.tagName("li"));

//getting iTable count    
String a = count.get(0).findElement(By.cssSelector("Value")).getText();

Pattern pt = Pattern.compile("[()]"); \\ special characters can be of anything  !@#$%^&*(){}[]?
Matcher match= pt.matcher(a);
while(match.find())
{
    String s= match.group();
    a=a.replaceAll("\\"+s, ""); \\ remove parentheses
}

System.out.println("Total count in string: " + a);

int value = Integer.parseInt(a); \\ convert string to integer


Example |2|

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("Value"));    
String truncelem = element.getText();
String result = truncelem.replaceAll("[()]","");

IsElementPresent()

There are various reasons and essential for this special functionality for everyday selenium-users.

isElementPresent() // positive test case

#1
if(isElementPresent(By.cssSelector(Value)))
System.out.println("...");
else
System.out.println("..."); 

#2 
Checks the availability using size()
if(driver.findElements(By.id("Value)).size()>0)

{
   System.out.println("...");
}else 
{
   System.out.println("...");
}

!isElementPresent() // negative test case

if(!isElementPresent(By.xpath("Value")))
{
   System.out.println("...");
} else
{
   System.out.println("...");
}

isDisplayed() - Alternate for isElementPresent()

isDisplayed() is used for verifying whether an element is available on the page or not.

driver.findElement(By.xpath(Value)).isDisplayed();

Zoom in & Zoom out [Windows | MAC]

Zoom in

WebElement html = driver.findElement(By.tagName("html"));
html.sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, Keys.ADD));

Zoom out

WebElement html = driver.findElement(By.tagName("html"));
html.sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, Keys.SUBTRACT));

Zoom 100%
WebElement html = driver.findElement(By.tagName("html"));
html.sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "0"));

Zoom Feature on MAC
WebElement html = driver.findElement(By.tagName("html"));
html.sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.COMMAND, Keys.ADD));
html.sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.COMMAND, Keys.SUBTRACT));
html.sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.COMMAND, Keys."0"));

Python | Eclipse | PyDev | Selenium

Configure PyDev in Eclipse

1| Install PyDev plugin in Eclipse
Help > Install New Software...
2| Click Add and type http://pydev.org/updates
3| Select the check box, 'PyDev' and press Next.

Note:
By default, Aptana Studio has inbuilt PyDev installed; Other steps are similar to Eclipse.

4| Go to Windows > Preferences > Interpreter - Python

5| Click on 'New' and Locate python.exe  "C:\Python27\python.exe"

6| Create a New Python Project  
Right click on package Explorer > New > others
7| Type 'PyDev Project'.
8| Select 'PyDev Project' and press Finish.

9| Create a new Python package.

10| Create a new PyDev module.
Right click on package > New > PyDev module

11| Develop your python selenium script and execute Tests ;)

Log4j | Selenium

Configure log4j

1| Download log4j.jar  and add into build path
2| Open src folder under project
3| Create a new text file.
4| Paste the following..

#Application Logs
log4j.logger.devpinoyLogger=DEBUG, dest1
log4j.appender.dest1=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.dest1.maxFileSize=5000KB
log4j.appender.dest1.maxBackupIndex=3
log4j.appender.dest1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.dest1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss} %c %m%n
log4j.appender.dest1.File=\logs\\SeleniumLogs.log
#do not append the old file. Create a new log file everytime
log4j.appender.dest1.Append=true

5| Save it with an extension, '.properties'. e.g., log4j.properties
6| Now, log through the script as shown below.

public class classname {
private static Logger Log = Logger.getLogger(classname.class);

@BeforeTest
public void setUp() throws Exception {
Log.info("_______started server_______");
Log.warn("Warn");
baseUrl = "https://yourwebsite.com";   
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
   
@Test
public void testAbi() throws Exception {
driver.get(baseUrl + "/web/browse.v");
Log.info("_______Test Inprogress_______");
}
   
@AfterTest
public void tearDown() throws Exception {   
Log.info("_______Stopping server_______");
driver.quit();
}
}

6| Execute the test and check the log file, SeleniumLogs.log under logs folder.

Store Auto-suggestions using iterator | Webdriver

Identifying auto-suggestion lists and storing them can be achieved using iterator. Couple of examples shown below demonstrate iterators and their use on auto-complete.

e.g.,
1|
driver.get(baseUrl+"http://www.indiabookstore.net/");
driver.findElement(By.id("searchBox")).sendKeys("sam");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  
WebElement table = driver.findElement(By.className("acResults"));
List<WebElement> rowlist = table.findElements(By.tagName("li"));
System.out.println("Total No. of list: "+rowlist.size());
Iterator<WebElement> i = rowlist.iterator();
System.out.println("Storing Auto-suggest..........");
while(i.hasNext())
{
  WebElement element = i.next();
  System.out.println(element.getText());
}

2|

driver.get(baseUrl+"https://www.google.co.in/");
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfq")).sendKeys("Sams"); 
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); 
   
WebElement table = driver.findElement(By.className("gssb_m"));     
List<WebElement> rows = table.findElements(By.tagName("span")); 
System.out.println("Total no. of rows: "+ rows.size());
Iterator<WebElement> i = rows.iterator();  
while(i.hasNext()) {  
  WebElement row = i.next();  
  System.out.println(row.getText());
} 
Thread.sleep(4000);
rows.get(1).click();
Thread.sleep(5000);


Alternate Concept for iteration


List<WebElement> listitems = driver.findElements(By.id("value"));
for(WebElement temp: listitems) // temp is the declared variable name
{
System.out.println((temp.findElement(By.tagName("value")).getText()));   
}

Python | Selenium

Python set up

1| Download and install Python 2.7

pip is a package management system,  a tool for installing and managing Python packages. easy_install is similar to pip.

Configure easy_install
   2.1| Install setuptools | Windows 32-bit machine 
   2.2| If you're using Windows 64-bit machine, save this ez_setup.py file in local directory and run it.

Configure pip
   3| Save this get-pip.py file into local directory and run it.

4| Install Selenium Python Client Driver
    a| Open cmd prompt
    b| Locate the folder C:\Python27\Scripts in cmd and enter
easy_install selenium
or|
pip install selenium

5| Generate scripts from Selenium IDE.
6| Export Test case as Python 2 / unittest / WebDriver
7| Double click on .py file and execute python test.


Selenium Update for Python

1| Open cmd prompt
2| Locate the folder C:\Python27\Scripts in cmd and enter
pip install -U selenium
or|
pip install selenium==2.40
or|
easy_install -U selenium
3| Setup tools can also be updated [only if needed].
pip install --upgrade setuptools

Basic Selenium Functions for Newbies

This section is for newbies about selenium webdriver. There will be frequent updates on this.

close()
Closes current active window.
driver.close();

#PYTHON
self.driver.close()

#RUBY
@driver.close



quit()
Quits the driver and closes every windows.
driver.quit();

#PYTHON
self.driver.quit()

#RUBY
@driver.quit

getTitle()
Get the current page title.
driver.getTitle();

#PYTHON
#1 | print page title
print driver.title
#2 | assert text in the page_title
assert "your text" in driver.title
#3 | assert text in the page_title
self.assertIn("your text", driver.title) 
#4 | assert page_title
self.assertEquals("your page_title", driver.title, "Asserting Title")

#RUBY
#1 | print page title
puts @driver.title
#2 | assert page_title
assert_equal('your text', @driver.title)



getPageSource()
Retrieves all the page source.

#1 | print page_source of a web page
System.out.println(driver.getPageSource());
#2 | assert text in a web_page
driver.getPageSource().contains("your text");
#3 |
boolean b = driver.getPageSource().contains("your text");
assertTrue(b); 
#4 |
Boolean b =  driver.getPageSource().contains("your text");
System.out.println(b);

#PYTHON
#1 | print page_source of a web page
print driver.page_source
#2 | assert text in a web_page
assert "your text" in driver.page_source

#RUBY
#1 | print page_source of a web page
puts @driver.page_source
#2 | assert text in a web_page
assert(@driver.page_source.include?("your text"))



findElement()
Finds first element within the current page. 
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='google-header-bar']"));



findElements()
Finds all the elements within the current page.

1| Store Length
driver.get("https://accounts.google.com/");
List<WebElement> scriptcount = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//script[@type='text/javascript']"));
System.out.println("Overall textboxes: "+scriptcount.size()); 
2| Click Element
driver.get("http://www.indiabookstore.net");
driver.findElement(By.id("searchBox")).sendKeys("Alche");
List <WebElement> listItems = driver.findElements(By.xpath("/html/body/div[4]/ul/li"));
listItems.get(0).click();
3| Track by TagName
List<WebElement> link = driver.findElement(By.id("Value")).findElements(By.tagName("li"));

Selenium Builder | Running selenium scripts on Cloud

Selenium Builder is similar to Selenium IDE. It has special credits like running cross-browser tests on Cloud directly from IDE. Exporting selenium scripts in Java/TestNG/Webdriver combination is feasible on Selenium Builder.

1| Create an account on Sauce and obtain the access key
2| Install the Addon, Selenium Builder in Firefox web browser
3| Open the webpage under test
4| Right click on the page > Launch Selenium Builder
5| Click Selenium 1 | Selenium 2
6| Record selenium scripts
7| Go to 'Run' menu
8| Click 'Run on Sauce OnDemand'
9| Enter the Sauce Username and Access Key
10| Choose the Browser and OS combinations for test execution.

11| Log into Sauce and verify the test results.

Handling Captcha | Webdriver

Make use of the 'input' tag with type 'hidden' in-order to handle Captcha.

Look at this example for reference..

driver.get("http://www.google.com/recaptcha/learnmore");
driver.switchTo().frame(0); //calling iframe with no id
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; 
//Setting the captcha values 
js.executeScript("document.getElementsByName('recaptcha_challenge_field')[0].setAttribute('value', '03AHJ_Vuv4tV3FrmUHbImL9JPkWJNqs1KDbFdKfG1jhqa2Uhl4U1vzLxXtZMMkZoAHuVCXA1js3GiaaQJ-zqyuledzZP-PEOV-y_Fx87-U6HVu4nh8kfwPzfPU50yEV5oscb20ptwMGR5EEoAtE8dfAlwCVejJtP779upzfAqn_ID5IQJ2F9Nw218')");
driver.findElement(By.name("recaptcha_response_field")).sendKeys("23129555894");
driver.findElement(By.name("Button1")).click();

Note: setAttribute plays a major role here.

Handling Windows using AutoIt | Selenium

Configure AutoIt with Selenium script

1| Download AutoIt Full Installation and install
2| Create a new file with extension .au3 | Open a folder Right click > AutoIt v3 Script
3| Right click the file > Edit Script
4| Remove all the scripts (if present)
5| Select Tools > AU3Recorder [record and playback]
6| Select all the 3 check box before recording
7| Press 'Click To Record'
8| After recording, try to edit/remove the function name that starts with an underscore '_' (from script). ie., _AU3RecordSetup()
9| Right click the file > Compile Script
10| An executable file .exe will be generated and ready for integration with Selenium
11| Call the Autoit script, file.exe in Selenium script as shown below,

Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:\\Users\\Sams\\Desktop\\create.exe");

Note:- 
#1 Install SciTE, SciTE4AutoIt3.exe if the option, AU3Recorder found missing under tools menu.
#2 Sometimes issues like. "The program can't start because MSVCR100.dll is missing from your computer." may appear. Try installing,
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (x86) (or)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (x64)
based on your machine support for fix.
#3 Autoitscript Functions

Keys in Selenium script | Webdriver

Key combinations made easier through Actions. Some of the popular keys were illustrated in this section; Similar key functions can be used for other keys from the image.

Enter/Return
driver.findElement(By.id("Value")).sendKeys(Keys.RETURN);
or|
driver.findElement(By.id("Value")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

#PYTHON
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver.find_element_by_name("Value").send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
or|
element = driver.find_element_by_id("Value")
element.send_keys("keysToSend")
element.submit()

#RUBY
element = @driver.find_element(:name, "Value")
element.send_keys "keysToSend"
element.submit
or|
element = @driver.find_element(:name, "Value")
element.send_keys "keysToSend"
element.send_keys:return

Down Arrow
driver.findElement(By.id("Value")).sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN);


TAB
Actions action =new Actions(driver);
action.sendKeys(Keys.TAB).sendKeys("keysToSend");
action.build().perform();

#PYTHON
driver.find_element_by_name("Value").send_keys(Keys.TAB)


Ctrl+End | Scroll to Bottom of the page
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(Keys.END).perform();


Backspace
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE).perform();

#PYTHON
driver.find_element_by_name("Value").send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)
or|
driver.find_element_by_name("Value").send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)

#PYTHON

Xpath Patterns for Locating WebElements

contains()
Elements can also be located using partial text from an attribute value.
i.e., any attribute, class/id has value: say,  'your class is here';  Here, you can make use of contains for locating elements with partial text, 'your class' truncating 'is here'.
1|
//input[contains(@class, 'your partial class')]
2|
//input[contains(text(),'your partial text')]


not(contains())
'not contains'  is just the reverse of  'contains'. 
1|
//input[not(contains(@class, 'your class'))]

Excercise |1|
<ul id="subject">
   <li class="root">
      <a id="abc">"Physics"</a>
   </li>
   <li class="root">
      <a id="abcd">"Chemistry"</a>
   </li>
   <li class="root">
      <a id="abcde">"Mathematics"</a>
   </li>
</ul>

List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[@id='subject']/li[not(contains(.,'Chemistry'))]"));
//driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[@id='subject']/li[not(contains(a,'Chemistry'))]")); -Alternate Step
System.out.println(elements.size());

for (int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ass.get(i).getText());
}

OUTPUT| 

2 

Physics

Mathematics

text()
The inner text can be used to find Elements.
1|
//input[text()='your text']
2|
//div[contains(text(), 'your text')]


starts-with()
Finds dynamic elements using start of an Element. If your dynamic ids have the format <input id="text-12345" /> where 12345 is a dynamic number you could use the following XPath: //input[starts-with(@id, 'text-')]

How to do XPath validation ?

1| Access your web page. e.g., 'http://seleniumworks.blogspot.in/'

2| Press F12 key.

3| Again, press Esc key.

4| Enter your xpath inside $x

$x(your xpath)

e.g.,

$x("//div[@class='navbar section']")

5| Press Enter key for output.